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14
DEC
2023

Ongoing Projects – Extent And Scope Under Real Estate (Regulation And Development) Act, 2016

1. The enactment of Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 brought a sea change in the manner the real estate sector was being regulated. It brought along with it a hope in the eyes of the allottees to fulfil their dreams to get their abode for which they were waiting...
11
OCT
2023

In Defense of the Legislature

During the past few weeks, in the wake of Corona virus’s second wave hitting its peak, we have been having some really interesting observations from the higher judiciary. On April 24, 2021 a Division Bench of the Delhi High Court observed that it will “hang any...
26
SEP
2023

Mesne Profit : Compensation On Account Of Unauthorized Holding

The underlying principle based on which the `Code of Civil Procedure, 1908′ functions is `ubi jus ibi remedium‘ that signifies that where there is a right, there is a remedy. The concept of mesne profits has been developed from this principle because it is the law of...
26
SEP
2023

The `Supreme’ And The `Supremer’

Of late the Parliament, the Executive and the Judiciary, seem perpetually locked in the battle of supremacy and the article 124 of the Constitution of India, in particular, has long been a battleground of tussle between the Union Government and `the Union Judiciary’ for...
23
SEP
2023

High Court and District Family Courts Giving Burial to Sacraments/Sanskara of Marriage Institution in Hindus

Marriage, according to the Hindu law, is a holy union for the performance of religious duties. It is not a contract. Mere fact, therefore, that a marriage was brought about during the minority of either party thereto, does not render the marriage invalid. A Hindu marriage is...
20
SEP
2023

Scope And Extent of Review Jurisdiction of the Court

The dictionary meaning of the word review is “the act of looking, offer something again with a view to correction or improvement”. As explained by the Apex Court in S. Nagraj and others v. State of Karnataka and another 1993 Supp (4) SCC 595, review literally and even...
06
JAN
2023

Scheduled Caste Reservation – Untying the Knots

1. Despite 75 years of the independence and continuous implementation of the reservation policy for Scheduled Castes over all these years in our country, still there is so much of confusion and misunderstanding amongst beneficiaries as well as authorities about the whole concept...
17
NOV
2022

Foreign Court Decree of Divorce, Its Competency & Validity in India with Analysis of Concept of Matrimonial Property

Marriages are settled in heaven, and they are performed on earth. Happy couples are all alike, every unhappy couple is unhappy in its own way. That unhappiness often finds its painful way into a courtroom. Whether and where a marriage can be dissolved is a matter in the domain of...
23
SEP
2022

Overview of Rent Laws

Purpose of the Rent Act: The East Punjab Rent Restrictions Act 1949 is a complete legislation in itself which lays down complete procedure for adjudication of disputes between landlords and tenant and provides for classification of buildings as residential, non residential,...
05
AUG
2022

An Ode to Lawyering

After passing out, in early 1980s, from awesome campus of Mahindra College Patiala, on completion of my graduation in English Literature, I thought, joining M.A. (English) was the only and the most natural way to go forward, not only because I thought it was my natural calling...
05
AUG
2022

Hindu Women’s Right To Property Act, 1937 : A Path Not So Paved

“He, who has a why to live for, can bear with almost any how.”    Friedrich Nietzsche The Constitution of India grants rights to every Indian citizen, especially in the shape of fundamental rights, irrespective of his caste, creed, gender, and...
06
JUN
2022

Covid-19 Pandemic in India and the Remedial/Protective Steps Taken by Judiciary

This article is relating to various steps taken by judiciary when corona virus has spread all over the world and many deaths have taken place in India due to lack of facilities created by Government. The world has witnessed serious blow in all walks of life due to Covid-19...
14
MAY
2022

Legal And Functional Perspective of Primary Evidence

It is a cumbersome task to classify the documents into various categories. The wisdom of the legislature in the year 1872 has to be appreciated in this regard. Not only the classification of documents into different categories have been made but it is equally a tedious task to...
28
MAR
2022

Procedure Applicable To Revenue Officers

Introduction:- Under the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887, the hierarchy of officers has been created. No officer can diligently perform his duties unless and until he knows the power vested to him and the procedure which has to be followed by him in discharging the duties assigned...
07
MAR
2022

Hierarchy Of Revenue Officers Under Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887

Introduction:- The governess of every department cannot be managed unless various officers are appointed to carry out the aims and objects enacted in a particular Act. Mere introduction of an Act on statute book is not enough, in the absence of the appointment of the officers, to...
31
JAN
2022

Sanctity of Limitation Period Prescribed Under Land Acquisition Act 1894

Though Land Acquisition Act 1894 (hereinafter referred as “Act of 1894”) today stands repealed with the enactment of Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred as “Act of...
29
JAN
2022

Law of Adverse Possession – Whether Might Is Right?

Law of Adverse possession is considered by most of the persons living in this society including legal luminaries as legalising the concept of medieval and an old era when there was- Might is right? In Medieval times or even before independence of our country from British regime,...
26
AUG
2021

Pleadings: To “Plead” Or Not To “Plead”

It is often believed that the “The first draft is just you telling yourself the story.” When you draft that story into a document for the purpose of litigation then the same forms a part of the pleadings. Pleadings, is a written presentation by a litigant in a lawsuit...
13
AUG
2021

The Writs of Prohibition And Certiorari : A Comparative Analysis

The Constitution of India in order to secure and protect the fundamental rights of `we the people of India’ in the form of Article 32 and Article 226 vested the Supreme Court and High Courts respectively with power to issue such directions, orders or writs which are...
11
AUG
2021

Euthanasia- Is It “Right” To Die?

Have you ever met an immortal? “Life and death are inseparable. Every moment our bodies undergo change. Life is not disconnected from death. Dying is a part of the process of living.” – Justice D.Y. Chandrachud When a person ends his life by his own act, it is...
14
JUL
2021

Arbitrability of Oppression And Mismanagement Disputes Under Companies Act, 2013

Arbitrability of Oppression And Mismanagement Disputes Under Companies Act, 2013 Arbitrability means whether a matter can or cannot be settled through arbitration and whether certain type of disputes only falls under the jurisdiction of a tribunal or the state courts. The Model...
05
JUL
2021

Doctrine of Precedent

With the advancement of law, the doctrine of precedent has become an integral part of the judicial discipline. The doctrine of precedent is a cardinal principle of the hierarchical nature of the judicial system. When a decision is rendered by a forum of superior or concurrent...
18
JUN
2021

Covid-19, Medical Professionals And Archaic Legal Immunity

The Covid-19 Pandemic has changed the dynamics of the world. As people are increasingly being confined to the safety of their homes, there are certain professionals who have had to step up to the challenge. One such community is that of medical professionals. Ever since the...
04
JUN
2021

Analysis of the Fruit of Poisonous Tree Doctrine

In my opinion, “Fruit of the poisonous tree” is a better approach towards dealing with illegally obtained evidence. To discuss why I think this is a better approach than the unfair operation principle currently being followed in India, I would analyse India’s...
03
JUN
2021

Analysis of Law of Recovery Under the Indian Evidence Act

In my opinion, the process of recovery should be used in criminal trials but with reasonable restrictions. When we talk about the process of recovery which is derived from the theory of subsequent facts it becomes all the more important to refer to Section 27[1*] which states...
20
MAY
2021

Right To Privacy

INTRODUCTION Right to privacy is a right which an individual possesses by birth. Privacy simply means the right of an individual ” to be left alone” which is recognized by the common law. The notion of privacy is sometimes ambiguous because of the different historical...
12
MAY
2021

Secondary Evidence

Satyameva Jayate (Literally: “Truth Stands Invincible”) is a mantra from the ancient scripture Mundaka Upanishad. Upon independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India. It is inscribed in Devanagari script at the base of the national emblem. The...
05
APR
2021

Frame of A Suit: Order II of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

Introduction The philosophy and principle underlying Order II is to discourage and minimize litigation. The law has always frowned upon multiplicity of litigation since less litigation is seen as a sign of a peaceful, progressive and developed society. Hence, Order II has rightly...
17
MAR
2021

The Dimensions of Doctrine of Res Judicata

The concept of Res Judicata finds its evolvement from the English Common Law system, being derived from the overriding concept of judicial economy, consistency, and finality. From the common law, it got included in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in the form of section 11 and...
19
FEB
2021

Farm Laws : Constitutional Provisions

I. Statement of Problem and Factual Matrix: The basis of the problem lies in the three agricultural laws passed by the parliament while exercising powers conferred by the seventh schedule of the constitution. The root cause surrounding the problem is based in the federal polity...
12
FEB
2021

Paradox Surrounding the Statutory Age of Minority

INTRODUCTION Law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress. –Martin Luther King, Jr. The term `minor’ originated from French term...
10
FEB
2021

Articles 226 And 227 : Power, Scope And Difference

The Constitution of India confers various powers on High Court which are provided under Articles 225 to 228, of which the powers conferred under Article 226 and 227 are extraordinary in nature and are said to be endowed upon the High Court to ensure proper and effective...
09
FEB
2021

Applicability of Real Estate (Regulation And Development) Act 2016 to Industrial Premises

It is said that the preamble is the key to understand the underlying philosophy of an Act and is a declaration by the legislature of the reasons for the passing of the statutes to which it is prefixed. It is the preliminary part of legislation, setting out what is all about or...
08
FEB
2021

Necessity To Review The Policies For Utilizing The Acquired Land After Indore Development Authority V. Manoharlal By The State Governments

The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has governed the field of acquisition for more than 120 years and the country has witnessed an era of Compulsory Acquisition as the Act bestowed unbridled and wide powers in the State for acquiring the land and at the same time did not contain...
23
JAN
2021

Custodial Violence-A Barrier On A Democratic System

India as a long-standing democratic country in the world which sets an example to the world, provides for certain rights enshrined by the Constitution of India. But the custodial violence a longstanding phenomenon has become a barrier and a limitation to the fundamental rights...
21
JAN
2021

Now Time For Diagnosis of the Ills of Subordinate Judiciary

The judges and the jurists of the country, and as also the print media, often make mountain of a mole hill in the matter of exercise of Public Interest Litigation jurisdiction by the judges of the higher courts. The same is much ado about nothing when there is no dispute that the...
05
NOV
2020

Order 2 Rule 2 – A Bar to Splitting of Evil

It is believed that “Litigation is the pursuit of practical ends, not a game of chess.” Yet, sometimes, filing a lawsuit remains the only effective route to refute the allegations and repair the damage caused to a person by breach of his legal right. A...
30
OCT
2020

Jamabandi – A Document of Title

Introduction :- State of Punjab is primarily based on Agriculture and its produce. There are few heavy industries installed and operative in the state of Punjab. In view of the fact that the state of Punjab is based on Agriculture, the knowledge of revenue laws is one of the...
21
OCT
2020

Supreme Court Usurping the Cave of Legislatures Like Arabian Camel – Need For Restraint or Control on this Trend

Role of our Apex Court in the matter of interpretation of our Constitution through various judgments right from day one has been very exemplary, splendid, and laudable right from day one which can dumbfound the best of the jurists in the world. Hardly had the ink on the papers of...
01
OCT
2020

Order XII Rule 6 – A Decree By Consent And the Challenges Ahead

“No one can make you feel inferior, without your consent” A decision of a civil suit culminates into a decree and the party in whose favour suit is decided, becomes the decree holder and the opposite party, against whom the suit is decided becomes the Judgement...
19
SEP
2020

Section 67 of it Act 2000 And It’s Scope And Misuse To Violate Digital Freedom

Introduction The Information Technology Act, 2000 (also known as ITA-2000, or the IT Act) is an Act of the Indian Parliament notified on 17th October, 2000. It is the primary law in India dealing with cybercrime and electronic commerce. One of the objectives of legislating the...
15
SEP
2020

Need For Regulating Media Trials

Democracy had three pillars namely, legislature, executive and judiciary till about the last three decades. But with the passage of time people perhaps felt that democracy was unstable with three legs and accordingly they evolved the freedom of speech and expression through media...
12
SEP
2020

Section 34 of Arbitration And Conciliation Act

Could Section 34(4) of the Arbitration Act be conjured to dispense with any ground under Section 34(2) of the Arbitration Act? Section 34(2) of the Arbitration Act gives two arrangements of grounds on which an honour might be saved. Area 34(2)(a) sets out grounds of challenge,...
08
SEP
2020

Scope Of Section 16 Arbitration And Conciliation Act, 1996

Before delving upon the issue of jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals, let us read the section 16 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (in short here in after referred to as “Act“)to understand its scope and repercussions during the arbitral proceedings....
03
SEP
2020

Covid 19 And The Law In India

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. It was initially...
16
AUG
2020

Nip The Evil In The Bud-Says Order 7 Rule 11

A clear Rejection is always better than a fake promise. A “Suit“, is a proceeding by a party or parties against other/s in the civil court of law. The archaic term “suit in law” is found in only a small number of laws still in effect today. The term...
13
JUL
2020

To `Will’ Willfully

Where there is a will, there are relatives A Will or testament is a legal document that expresses a person’s (testator) wishes as to how their property (estate) is to be distributed after their death and as to which person (executor) is to manage the property until its...
08
JUL
2020

Adverse Possession – Boon or Curse

Plea of adverse possession can be used both as an offence and as a defence i.e. both as sword and as a shield. History of Adverse possession:- Historically, adverse possession is a pretty old concept of law. The concept of adverse possession appeared in the Code of Hammurabi...
06
JUL
2020

Boundary Dispute And Its Resolution

Happy neighbors are all alike, every unhappy neighbor is unhappy in its own way. That unhappiness often finds its painful way into a courtroom. Land has always been a contentious issue, may be due to greed, power, mistake or otherwise. Boundary disputes are since beginning of...
06
JUL
2020

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Stay “off” the Suit- Says Res Sub Judice

The common meaning of the word Sub Judice in Latin is “under a judge”, which means that a particular case or matter is under trial or being considered by a judge or court. The sub judice rule is a rule of court, a statutory rule, a convention, and a practice that has...
02
JUL
2020

Codified Laws (Evolution & Transition)

For understanding concept of codified laws first let us understand “What is meant by codification?” Codification : the action or process of arranging laws or rules according to a system or plan. Or A systematic organization of methods, rules, etc Or The collection...
02
JUL
2020

The Punjab Rent Act 1995 : Treading On Thin Ice

Rent Legislations have been the subject matter of a lot of criticism and a continuous discussion has been going on over the years debating the advantages and disadvantages of rent laws in India. While the proponents of rent control laws claim that the rent control legislation...
01
JUL
2020

E-Pharmacy & The Legal Framework

E-Commerce supported by robust internet & mobile services is flourishing in India. However, E-Pharmacy a part of larger E-Commerce business is crippled by inefficiencies & lack of clarity. The biggest stumbling block in establishment of a flavorful Electronic Pharmacy...
30
JUN
2020

Courts In India : Divided By English As A Common Language

“You can never understand one language until you understand at least two.” – Geoffrey Willans In today’s competitive world, the legal professionals and the litigants expect that their concerns are communicated and conveyed through effective ideas and...
29
JUN
2020

Note on Hindu Succession – Manuscript by B.V. Jigjinni

There was long agitation that the daughters born in a Hindu Joint Family, were treated separately, in the matter of family heritage – ancestral property – merely on the ground of their sex, though in all other respect they possessed identical attributes of their male...
23
JUN
2020

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is one of the best examples of Modern-day Codified Laws

Objective: The key objective of the IBC was to consolidate and amend the existing laws relating to re-organization and insolvency resolution of Corporate persons, partnership firms and individuals by creating an effective time bound mechanism for compliance of law and for...
22
JUN
2020

Rights of Women Under Hindu Succession Act 1956 : Justice A Task Ahead

Hindus have worshiped gods and goddesses with equal fervor since ancient times. However, the proprietary rights of females have always been suppressed to a large extent. Manavadharmasastra is the oldest constitution for the Hindu laws of ancient Indian society. Manu is mentioned...
17
JUN
2020

Commercial Courts an Overview

Commercial Courts Act, 2015 (“CC Act, 2015” for short) This Act came into force with effect from 23rd Day of October, 2015, and further amended on 3rd May, 2018, with primary objective of adjudication of disputes falling under this Act in a swift time bound manner and...
17
JUN
2020

International Law : Historical Development and Future

Public International law also known as “The Law of the Nations” finds its genesis from the Roman Law applicable between the Roman Republic and the tribes and kingdoms of the rest of the world, called “jus gentium”. One of the oldest recorded treaties is...
15
JUN
2020

ARTICLE 370 : A DIPLOMACY

INTRODUCTION Bharat, incredible country has gone through many difficulties. When an organ was separated from Bharat in 1947, so many difficulties had been germinated. Why Maharaja of J&K had rejected the proposal of those so called person who considered themselves as...
15
JUN
2020

Section 6, Hindu Succession Act- Resolved Yet Unsolved Possibilities

“We must work together to ensure the equitable distribution of wealth, opportunity, and power in our society.“-Nelson Mandela The Constitution of India grants rights to every Indian Citizen, especially in the shape of fundamental rights, irrespective of his caste,...
08
JUN
2020

Execution Of A Decree : All You Need To Know About

INTRODUCTION As the title of this article suggests, in this article, we will discuss some important heads of procedure incorporated under Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter to be referred as CPC or Code) for executing a decree passed by a civil court in India. Suppose A files a...
04
JUN
2020

Legal Aspects of Coronavirus Pandemic (Prisons-Parole-Pandemic)

Introduction Coronavirus has created Pandemic like situation in whole of the world. This Pandemic again strike India after 102 years. In 1918, the Spanish Flu strike Europe and other parts of world including India as Pandemic. India was most affected by this disease. This disease...
02
JUN
2020

Contract – Its Registration and the Defence of Part-Performance

“A contract is only as good as the people signing it.” Contract Act is one of the principal statutes governing all the contractual relations, not only in the business world, but also words and promises that form a part of one’s daily routine. It is one of the...
25
MAY
2020

Applicability of Section 100 CPC for Second Appeals in the Punjab and Haryana High Court

A decision of a civil suit culminates into a decree and the party in whose favour suit is decided, becomes the decree holder and the opposite party, against whom the suit is decided becomes the Judgement Debtor. A decree passed by the court of first instance, (popularly called...
14
MAY
2020

Mesne Profits – As claimed under East Punjab Rent Restriction Act 1949

The meaning of the word “mesne profits” as defined in the Webster Dictionary is – profits (as from crops) earned by one in wrongful possession of property. This word is often used as a legal tool, asserting to be a legal right, to recover the gains(profits),...
12
MAY
2020

East Punjab Rent Restriction Law 1949 – Inception and Conception

As the word Rent suggests it can easily be construed that any Rent Law is a law that is used as a tool to control and regulate the relationship and also adjudicate the disputes arising between the landlord and tenant. The historical background of the rent legislation in the...
12
AUG
2019

Which out of the conflicting judgments of co-equal Benches is binding ?

Article 141 of the Constitution of India commands that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all the courts within the territory of India. Judges of all other courts are thus bound to follow the decisions of the Supreme Court irrespective of their own views on...
19
APR
2019

National Commission For Women : Its Role & Responsibility

INTRODUCTION “It is perceived that the nonpareil methodology to explore about a civilization, culture and society is to try and understand more and more about its women.” The word “Women” comes from the union of two words i.e. “Wo” which means...
01
APR
2019

Pre-Suit Mandatory Mediation

India, a developing country, has made substantial progress in the areas of providing health, education and other necessities of life to its citizen. There is phenomenal increase of professionals, entrepreneurs and businessmen. Every individual is working hard to become...
25
MAR
2019

Documents – Proof, Admissibility and Exhibition

Criminal cases are decided mainly on the basis of oral testimony of the witnesses who have witnessed the occurrence. The documents in the criminal cases have a very little role to play except in the offences involving economic offences. Whereas in the civil case, the documents...
18
MAR
2019

Rights of Prisoners of War Emanating From The Third Geneva Convention

ABSTRACT A lot of hue and cry ensued in India when Wg. Cdr. Abhinandan Varthaman was captured by Pakistani forces on February 27, 2019 following a dogfight between the Air Forces of both the countries. Following his capture, a series of debates started all across the country...
18
MAR
2019

Principles of Natural Justice and Compulsory Retirement : Union of India & State of AP v. M.E. Reddy and Related Jurisprudence

Natural law is one of the most important aspects of administrative law. Historically, administrative bodies were not obliged to incorporate the principles of natural law in their decisions. However, the principle of procedural fairness was incorporated into the functioning of...
18
MAR
2019

Family Courts Act, 1984 : A Step in the Right Direction

“From the beginning the objective of establishing family courts was to provide speedy disposal of cases involving problems faced by women who were traumatized by marriages that had turned bitter.” -National Commission for Women The 1980s were a period of great...
28
FEB
2019

Personal Liberty And Criminal Justice System

The framers of the Indian Constitution had a vision in their minds while framing the Constitution of India, to foresee certain aspects which although were not acceptable 71 years ago but which could become an integral part of the society with the change and evolution in society...
28
FEB
2019

Reversionary Suits

Since a long time, a coparcener in northern Punjab (after partition) challenged sale deed of joint family property made by Karta of Joint Hindu family under Hindu Law or reversionary heir challenged the alienation of ancestral property under the customary law. It may be noted...
15
JAN
2018

Child Labour Under International Conventions and National Legislations in India

“There can be no keener revelation of a society’s soul than the way in which it treats its children” Nelson Mandela Children are the greatest gift to the humanity and they are representative of the beautiful creation of god. They are most tender, gentle and...
15
NOV
2017

Whether a married Hindu husband can legally perform second valid marriage in the lifetime of his first legally wedded wife without obtaining divorce from her?

Note: kindly note the dates of enforcement of various acts which are mentioned in this article. Despite heavy protest by the president of India. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 was enforced on 18th May 1955. Section 5 of this act defines “various conditions for solemnizing...
12
JUN
2017

Fundamental Duties

Constitution of India The Constitution of India is the Supreme Law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedure, powers and duties of Government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive...
11
MAY
2015

Socio Legal Aspects of Live-in Relationship: An Analysis

All over the Hindu and Christian worlds, marriage began as a sacrament. Marriage began as a sacrament implied a permanent and indissoluble union. It was a union not merely in this life but also in all lives to come-an eternal union. The sanctity of marriage is still deeply...
11
MAY
2015

Law, Legal Literacy, Communication Strategies And The Media: Changing Dimensions

Abstract Media, the fourth estate referring to press, as it is called, is a force to reckon within bringing welfare policies of the State in public domain. Studies have revealed that out of many sources through which dissemination of vital information for legal empowerment...
11
MAY
2015

Alternate Dispute Resolution System – Position in India

What is Alternative Dispute Resolution System? Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a term generally used to refer to informal dispute resolution processes in which the parties meet with a professional, third party, who helps the parties to resolve their dispute in a way that...
11
MAY
2015

Law as an Instrument of Social Change

Introduction Law is a form of Social Science. Society and law are closely related to each other. Law tells the nature to live the social life and this also increases with the Economic, Scientific and Technological progress. Law also changes with Social Changes and plays an...
11
MAY
2015

Implementation of ADR in India

I. Introduction: The implementation of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms a means to achieve speedy disposal of justice is a crucial issue. The sea-change from using litigation as a tool to resolve disputes by using Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms such as...
11
MAY
2015

Socio Economic Empowerment of Women

The History of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man towards woman, having in direct object the establishment of tyranny over her.[1] 1. Women’s Rights Convention : Manifesto, Seneer falls, 1848 as quoted in J. Krishna Iyer, Human...
11
MAY
2015

Pornography Laws In India

Introduction Sex is seen as a forbidden subject in the social fabric of India, being linked to immorality, indecency etc. The Indian legal system has, to a large extent, upheld this social morality and made provisions in this regard. One such provision is the criminalization of...
11
MAY
2015

Freedom of Speech and Expression – Article 19(1)(a) of The Constitution of India

‘Part III – Fundamental Rights’ is a charter of rights contained in the Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as India. Fundamental rights were deemed essential to protect the rights...